Amino acid L-Tyrosine 60-18-4

L-Tyrosine is an amino acid that is the common precursor of dopamine and other common catcholamines. It's codons are UAU and UAU. It is a non-essential amino acid that commonly occurs in proteins that are a part of the signal tranduction pathways.

L-Tyrosine (Tyr or Y) or 4-hydroxyphenylalanine is one of the 22 amino acids that are used by cells to synthesize proteins. It is a non-essential amino acid with a polar side group. Its codons are UAC and UAU. The word "tyrosine" is from the Greek tyros, meaning cheese, as it was first discovered in 1846 by German chemist Justus von Liebig in the protein casein from cheese. It is called tyrosyl when referred to as a functional group or side chain. Tyrosine is a hydrophobic amino acid and is significantly more soluble in water than its precursor, phenylalanine, due to the thermodynamic favorability of the hydrogen bonding between the hydroxyl group of one molecule of tyrosine and the carboxyl group of another.
White crstals or crystalline powder. Freely soluble in formic acid, very slightlysoluble in water,practically insoluble in ethanol and in ether. Dissolve in dilute hydrochloric acid and in dilute nitric acid. Aside from being a proteinogenic amino acid, tyrosine has a special role by virtue of the phenol functionality. It occurs in proteins that are part of signal transduction processes. It functions as a receiver of phosphate groups that are transferred by way of protein kinases (so-called receptor tyrosine kinases). Phosphorylation of the hydroxyl group changes the activity of the target protein.
1.An important biological reagent. 
2.Used in pharmaceutical interdediates, biochemical study, life sciences,
3.agricultural research, beverage additive and feed stuff, etc. 
4.Helps to calm the body, increase energy and enhance libido. 
5.Protects the skin from harmful UV light rays. 6.Boosts one's mood, concentration,learning,and memory.
Application:
1.Tyrosine is a naturally occurring amino acid that is also available in  supplement form. 
2.Tyrosine is a nonessential amino acid (the body can produce it on its own) and it's nutrient role is as a neurotransmitter, which act as chemical messengers to the body's 100 billion (or more) of nerve and brain cells. 
3.Tyrosine helps form three important neurotransmitters: serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine;these are responsible for functions like memory, mood, appetite, and muscular coordination. 
4. Clinical studies have shown that Tyrosine supplements help with depression, anxiety, and heighten the mood in just a matter of a few weeks. It also helps fight fatigue and irritability
Tyrosine is a precursor to neurotransmitters and increases plasma neurotransmitter levels (particularly dopamine and norepinephrine),but has little if any effect on mood in normal subjects. The effect on mood is noted in humans subjected to stressful conditions (see below).
A number of studies have found tyrosine to be useful during conditions of stress, cold, fatigue, prolonged work and sleep deprivation, with reductions in stress hormone levels, reductions in stress-induced weight loss seen in animal trials, and improvements in cognitive and physical performance seen in human trials.
Tyrosine does not seem to have any significant effect on cognitive or physical performance in normal circumstances, but does help sustain working memory better during multitasking.

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